Russia  Name of qualification  Middle level  State Certificate of Capability in the Insurance Industry after the specialized   (financial, commercial, trade etc.) College education  Educational background  Secondary School Certificate  High School Certificate  Occupational background  None  None  For what field of work does this  education qualify graduates?  For much of the work in the beginning of the professional carrier in  commercial aspects of all fields of business carries out a minor degree of  independence  Vocational knowledge and skills  The parties completing this education  have a broad training and are able  to carry out specific insurance and commercial work needing supervision  The parties completing this education  have a broad training and are able  to carry out specific insurance and  commercial work without needing  supervision.  Duration of the education  4-5 years  2-3 years  How are the examinations  carried out?  Under State supervision    In the 8-th course  Graduate Diploma discussion paper  In the 10-11 course Graduate  Diploma discussion paper  Recognition of the education /  qualification by companies in the  national insur. market  This is the basic qualification for an insurance-specific position.  It is generally required by companies.  Name of qualification  High level  State and stately recognized  commercial Institute of Insurance  Certificate as Insurance Specialist**  Bachelors degree in economics  High level  State and stately recognized  commercial Institute of Insurance  Diploma as Insurance specialist/  Masters degree in economics  Educational background  High school certificate/Diploma of  College  Bachelors degree  Occupational background  None/2 years*  None/2 years*  For what field of work does this  education qualify graduates?  For much of the work in the beginning  of the professional carrier in  commercial aspects of all fields of  business carries out a certain degree  of independence  The insurance specialist takes on  the responsibility for a group or unit.  He also takes on the specialist  responsibility and is qualified to  make the decisions required.  Vocational knowledge and skills  The parties completing this education have a broad training and are able to  carry out specific insurance and commercial work without needing supervision.  Duration of the education  4 years  2 years  How are the examinations  carried out?  Under State supervision    Under State supervision  Twice per annum, written and oral  Graduate Diploma discussion paper  and State Examinations  Under State supervision  Twice per annum, written and oral  Graduate Diploma discussion paper  and State Examinations  Recognition of the education /  qualification by companies in the  national insur. market  The State professional training examinations are generally recognized by  companies. These are the specialists of the broad education in economics  and particularly in insurance. Insurance companies promote and support the  education and qualification.****  Name of qualification  Highest level  State Diploma as Insurance Expert** At the University level  PhD in Economics.  Doctor of Economic Sciences  Educational background  Specialist/Masters degree  PhD degree  Occupational background  3 years as consultant/employee in  the insurance business  10 years as consultant/employee in  the insurance business  For what field of work does this  education qualify graduates?  The insurance specialist takes on the responsibility for a group or unit.  He also takes on the specialist responsibility and is qualified to make the  decisions required.  Vocational knowledge and skills  He possesses highly qualified and  comprehensive specialist knowledge  of the insurance industry/business  The insurance expert has the skill  and competence to handle complex  problem solutions even for companies  operating in an international  environment. He is able to co-  ordinate and monitor the deployment  of specialist operatives  Duration of the education  3 years  3 years  How are the examinations  carried out?  Under State supervision    Under State supervision  Public defense on the Special  Scientific Dissertation Councils  Under State supervision  Public defense on the Special  Scientific Dissertation Councils  Recognition of the education /  qualification by companies in the  national insur. market  The State and University professional public defense is generally recognized  and approved by companies. Notes * in case of continuous education there is no interruption for work in the industry. But usually students are working in the industry beginning from the 3-d year course, and continuing through the years of post-graduate training. This is explained by: a) military service for males which is postponed in case of higher education proceeding; b) necessity of insurance industry in this level and quality of employees. ** State certificate, diploma, PhD, Doctorate degree are awarded in different fields of economic sciences. There is no specialty «insurance» in the State Standard of Higher Education. In case of PhD and Doctorate degree the level and field of insurance expertise are defined by the sphere of the scientific and academic interests of the expert, his actual work and professional experience. *** This form of training is not very widely spread **** This training practice is the first in the two-level system of the higher education (bachelor-master) It differs from the traditional Russian-Soviet-Russian 5-years higher education acquiring and today not widely spread although generally required by the insurance companies. Moscow State University Economic Department is following this training practice.